Preprint / Versión 1

Estructura forestal y biomasa aérea bajo diferentes grados de perturbación en un bosque siempreverde piemontano de la Amazonía central ecuatoriana

Autores/as

  • Johana Lisseth Castillo Castillo Universidad Estatal Amazónica. Pastaza
  • Yudel García Quintana Universidad Estatal Amazónica. Pastaza

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59410/PREPRINT-UEA-vFOR2626ep03-1218

Keywords:

atributos forestales, acumulación de biomasa, distribución diamétrica, bosques amazónicos, gradiente de intervención, importancia de las especies

Resumen

El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar las variaciones de la estructura forestal, la distribución diamétrica y la biomasa aérea entre sitios con diferentes grados de perturbación en un bosque siempreverde piemontano del sector Pindo Mirador, Amazonía ecuatoriana, como base para orientar su manejo silvícola. Se establecieron 15 parcelas permanentes de 0,1 ha, cinco por condición, y se evaluaron 719 árboles con DAP ≥10 cm. Según el historial de intervención, el uso del suelo y la fisonomía de la vegetación, se definieron tres grados de perturbación: bajo (bosque primario), moderado (bosque secundario) y alto (silvopastura). Se analizaron densidad, área basal, volumen, distribución diamétrica, índice de valor de importancia y biomasa aérea. Los sitios con perturbación baja, moderada y alta presentaron, respectivamente, densidades de 684 ± 88,49; 560 ± 170,88 y 194 ± 61,89 árboles ha⁻¹; áreas basales de 28,84 ± 7,07; 17,22 ± 6,83 y 5,00 ± 2,00 m² ha⁻¹; y volúmenes de 206,43 ± 78,87; 119,53 ± 55,73 y 24,20 ± 11,60 m³ ha⁻¹. La biomasa aérea fue de 315,71 ± 75,63; 161,46 ± 85,87 y 40,92 ± 16,85 Mg ha⁻¹, con diferencias entre condiciones (p < 0,001). Los árboles con DAP ≥35 cm aportaron 43,7 %, 26,0 % y 8,4 % de la biomasa. Aunque las tres condiciones conservaron una distribución de J invertida, el sitio más intervenido presentó menos árboles grandes. Los resultados respaldan acciones diferenciadas de conservación, recuperación y restauración activa.

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2026-10-13