Fortificación de alimentos con vitamina A preformada: retos persistentes y relevancia agroindustrial para la seguridad embriofetal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59410/PREPRINT-UEA-v2026ep06-1206Keywords:
Vitamina A preformada, fortificación alimentaria, exposición acumulativa, cadena agroindustrial, embarazoResumen
La fortificación de alimentos con vitamina A preformada constituye una estrategia utilizada para prevenir deficiencias nutricionales. Sin embargo, su implementación plantea desafíos tecnológicos y de control que pueden modificar la exposición dietaria y adquirir especial relevancia durante el embarazo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la fortificación de alimentos con vitamina A preformada, sus retos persistentes en la cadena agroindustrial y sus implicaciones para la seguridad embriofetal. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con enfoque integrador, basada en literatura científica y técnica relacionada con la formulación, la dosificación, el mezclado, la estabilidad, el etiquetado y la exposición dietaria. El análisis se organizó según las principales etapas de la cadena agroindustrial: formulación, procesamiento, almacenamiento, etiquetado y consumo. Se identificó que factores como la dosificación de la premezcla, la homogeneidad del mezclado, la degradación durante la vida útil, el uso de márgenes de seguridad y la claridad del etiquetado pueden alterar la concentración final del micronutriente y favorecer condiciones como exposición excesiva, variabilidad intra-lote, sobredosificación compensatoria y exposición acumulativa. Durante el embarazo, estas situaciones adquieren relevancia preventiva debido al potencial teratogénico de la vitamina A preformada. Se concluye que la gestión del riesgo requiere abordaje integrado entre sectores clave.
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