Matriz de tecnologías y productos obtenidos a partir de Annona muricata L. (guanábana) con fines industriales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59410/PREPRINT-UEA-vAGI2626ep03-1230Keywords:
desarrollo agroindustrial, rutas tecnológicas, materias primas, nivel de madurez de la tecnologíaResumen
La guanábana (Annona muricata L.) es una fruta tropical de interés agroindustrial por su valor nutricional y contenido de compuestos bioactivos. Su aprovechamiento se concentra en la comercialización en fresco, generando residuos como semillas, cáscaras y hojas que pueden utilizarse para desarrollar productos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue elaborar una matriz de tecnologías y productos obtenidos a partir de la guanábana con fines industriales, considerando materias primas, operaciones unitarias, condiciones de procesamiento, niveles de madurez tecnológica (TRL) y productos resultantes. La información se recopiló mediante una aplicación parcial de la metodología PRISMA, utilizando publicaciones disponibles en Scopus y Web of Science. Los resultados evidenciaron que la mayoría de las tecnologías identificadas se encuentran en los niveles TRL 3 y 4, correspondientes a etapas de desarrollo y validación, sin alcanzar una industrialización generalizada. La matriz permitió identificar alternativas para aprovechar partes de la planta, como fruto, pulpa, hojas, inflorescencias, cáscaras y semillas, incluyendo coproductos y residuos. Entre las operaciones unitarias se encuentran el lavado, despulpado, deshidratación, molienda, filtración, y extracción. Estas permiten obtener productos de valor agregado, como infusiones funcionales, almidones, extractos fitoquímicos, nanopartículas y nanofibras de celulosa. La filtración por cartuchos y sistemas de concentración presentaron una frecuencia operacional del 25%. Finalmente, la matriz permite priorizar rutas tecnológicas para el aprovechamiento integral de la guanábana, considerando operaciones unitarias, condiciones de procesamiento, productos obtenidos y niveles de madurez tecnológica.
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